One Dimensional Kinematics Outline

• The study of motion and other concepts such as force and mass is called dynamics
• The part of dynamics that deals with motion is called kinematics
• A frame of reference defines a starting point and coordinate axes
• Displacement is a change in position and does not depend on the path traveled
• A vector quantity has magnitude and direction
• Ex. Position, velocity, acceleration
• A scalar quantity only has magnitude, not direction
• Speed is a scalar while velocity is a vector because it has direction
• Average speed of an object is the total distance traveled over the total time
• Average velocity is like average speed except it has direction
• Velocity is change in position over change in time
• The average velocity of an object in a specific time interval is the slope of line between the initial and final points on the position vs. time graph
• Instantaneous velocity is the tangent of the position vs. time graph at a specific time
• Acceleration is change in velocity over change in time
• The average acceleration of an object in a specific time interval is the slope of line between the initial and final points on the velocity vs. time graph
• Instantaneous acceleration is the tangent of the velocity vs. time graph at a specific time
• On motion diagrams, if the spaces in between each object are equal, it has constant velocity and therefore has 0 acceleration
• If the spaces are getting larger, then the object is accelerating and has increasing velocity
• If the spaces are getting smaller, the object is decelerating and has decreasing velocity
• The area under the graph of a velocity vs. time graph between two times is the distance that the object has traveled between those two times
• The area under the graph of a acceleration vs. time graph between two times is the change in velocity between those two times
• A free falling object is under the influence of gravity, which is a constant acceleration downward at approximately 9.8m/s^2